tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73441852743763810582024-03-08T01:16:39.974-08:00Paperhelp writersMeshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.comBlogger246125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-84159920417785711662020-08-27T15:57:00.001-07:002020-08-27T15:57:03.033-07:00Wastewater Treatment Essay Example For StudentsWastewater Treatment Essay The explanation behind me doing this report is on the grounds that I was unable to go to class enoughto handle the idea of Wastewater Treatment. This report is an outline of eachstage of the treatment of sewage. I have incorporated a graph of a common sewageplant. A) Primary Treatment The wastewater that enters a treatment plantcontains flotsam and jetsam that may stop up or harm the siphons and apparatus. The materialis evacuated by screens, and is singed or covered. The wastewater then passesthrough a comminutor (processor), where all the natural material, for example, leavesare mushed littler with the goal that they can be expelled later. 1) Grit Chamber Back inthe day, long tight channel-formed settling tanks, known as coarseness chambers, wereused to evacuate all the inorganic substances like sand, residue, rock, andcinders. These chambers were made to permit inorganic particles 0.008 in. orbigger to settle at the base while the littler particles and the majority of theorganic m aterial that stay in suspension go through. Today, winding flowaerated coarseness chambers with container bottoms, or clarifiers with programmed scrapperarms are utilized. The coarseness is expelled and discarded as clean landfill. Gritbuild up can reach from 3 to 8 cubic feet per1 million gallons of wastewater. 2)Sedimentation With the coarseness evacuated, the wastewater goes into a sedimentationtank, where the natural materials expelled. The strategy for sedimentation canremove around 20 to 40 percent of the biochemical oxygen request and 40 to 60percent of the suspended solids. The enormous young men in the business utilize a chemicalprocess known as coagulation and flocculation in the sedimentation tank. Ireally dont think a lot about this subject so Im going to proceed onward. 3)Flotation The option in contrast to sedimentation is a treatment called buoyancy, inwhich air is constrained into the wastewater under weights of 25 to 50 lbs for each sq. in. The wastewater, is compacted with air, is then discharged into an open tank ;there the rising air bubbles cause the suspended solids to ascend to the surface,where the are wisked away. Buoyancy can evacuate in excess of 75 percent of thesuspended solids. 4) Digestion is a microbiological procedure thatchanges the synthetically intricate ooze to methane, carbon dioxide, and a harmlessfertilizer. The responses happen in a shut tank or digestor that is oxygendeficient. The change occurs after a progression of responses. First thesolid matter is made dissolvable by chemicals, at that point the substance is matured by agroup of corrosive creating microorganisms, decreasing it to basic natural acids such asacetic corrosive. The natural acids are then made plans to methane and carbon dioxideby microscopic organisms. The slime that is to thick is warmed and added to the digester asmany times as could be expected under the circumstances, where it sits for 10 to 30 days and is decayed. Absorption diminishes natural issue by 45 to 60 percent. 5) Drying The digestedsludge is place on sand beds for air drying. Air drying needs dry, warm weatherfor it to work. A few plants have covers over the sand beds. Dried ooze deepest cases is utilized as a manure due to the 2 percent nitrogen and 1percent phosphorus content. B) Secondary Treatment After expelling 40 to 60percent of the suspended solids and 20 to 40 percent of the BOD5 in the primarystage by physical assets, the auxiliary treatment organically decreases theorganic material that remained in the fluid stream. Auxiliary treatment containskeeping and accelerating natures procedure of waste removal. High-impact bacteriain the oxygen change the natural issue to stable structures, for example, CO2 , water,nitrates, and phosphates. The new natural material that is made is an indirectresult of organic treatment forms, and is expelled before the wastewateris dumped into the streams. 1) Trickling Filter In this procedure, a waste streamis sent over a bed or section of some kind of permeable medium. A clingy film ofmicroorganisms covers the medium and goes about as the evacuation operator. The organicmatter in the waste stream is consumed by the film and changed to carbon dioxideand water. On the off chance that the streaming channel step precedes the sedimentation stage itcan evacuate around 85 percent of the BOD entering the plant. 2) Activated SludgeThis stage is a high-impact process that includes clingy slop particles that havemillions of effectively developing microscopic organisms remained together by a coagulated ooze. .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b , .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b .postImageUrl , .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b , .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b:hover , .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b:visited , .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b:active { border:0!important; } .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b:active , .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7a e6e03b0af4b .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u42be2612465e1e9a5df7ae6e03b0af4b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Criminology EssayOrganic matter is absorbed by the floc and changed to oxygen consuming yield. Thereduction of BOD shifts between 60 to Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-30047402119264061172020-08-22T12:25:00.001-07:002020-08-22T12:25:29.448-07:00Assessment of English Language Learners Essay Sample free essay sampleExaminations are a basic device in managing the progression of English etymological correspondence researchers at all class degrees. The central goal of evaluations is to ensure understudies are having quality learning heading in adjustment to scholastic and substance standards. Despite the fact that these preliminaries are non the solitary asset utilized for demonstrating students. they give educators extremely valuable informations to discover if the understudy is turning in certain scholastic nations. There are a few kinds of evaluation that can be utilized to mensurate a studentââ¬â¢s progression. In this paper. arranged alternatives to evaluations will be talked about that will increase the ELLs English capability. Appraisal of English Language LearnersMany understudies that are brought up in the United States can effectively comprehend the English phonetic correspondence. We will compose a custom article test on Appraisal of English Language Learners Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Be that as it may. there are other than understudies that do non talk English and it is non their essential phonetic correspondence. thusly these understudies need to indict in course and evaluations that will help them to get the English phonetic correspondence. Helping understudies to get English can be a goal-oriented endeavor for educators. in any case, it must be done in a way that is generally efficacious. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 proposes that students be surveyed in numerous fit nations paying little mind to their level of capacity to talk and get English. To ensure students are being shown substance and scholastic standards. an incredible exchange of obligation has been set in the guardianships of regions and school domains to keep them answerable for the data understudies are larning. There have been examinations placed into topographic point to move up informations on understudy achievement and how great they are geting English. Numerous preliminaries may look low. be that as it may, one thing it does is help educators rate their instructional examples and help them modify therefore. The Elementary and Secondary School Act of 2001 made an interest that all schools give an evaluation to understudies that have constrained English capability. In the region of Louisiana. The English Language Development Assessment ( ELDA ) is given to understudies to discover their level of English capability. This preliminary measures the studentââ¬â¢s larning capacities in a few nations, for example, perusing. creating. discourse creation. what's more, tuning in. This preliminary is given to students on a yearly balance which is ordinarily in February and March. School regions utilize this preliminary to gracefully quality guidance designs for English etymological correspondence researchers and flexibly them with the essential changes required trying to be effective in geting English. Many inquire as to whether these kinds of preliminary advantage English phonetic correspondence researchers. In the event that there are numerous advantages. they are non plainly observed. English semantic correspondence researchers are required to take preliminaries in which they are relied upon to make each piece great as their English discourse creation rises to on both substance and scholastic models. This by itself is a detriment to students. For representation. in the event that an English etymological correspondence researcher moves to the United States from another non-English discourse creation state so the chance of the understudy cognizing each piece much as English discourse creation students are about inconceivable. Another inconvenience to English etymological correspondence researchers taking the normalized preliminary is that it is socially one-sided. The ELDA contains stuff that understudies from another development may non be acquainted with. Since the preliminary o ught to non be socially one-sided. preliminaries ought to non incorporate data that would bewilder English etymological correspondence researchers. One way to better this issue is to hold areas and school domains meet up and make a review on what developments are generally overarching in the region and make a preliminary that will suit the requests of these students. Despite the fact that there are a few impediments to the ELDA. one bit of leeway for understudies is that demonstrating destinations are permitted to do alterations for the students. A few changes that are made for understudies are: 1. Understudies have expanded clasp to complete examinations. 2. Understudies are permitted to have data through sound-related. visual and haptic and other centripetal exercises trying to expand fear of appraisal stuff. 3. Understudies can work in a domain that has less interruptions trying to stay on embraced. 4. Understudies can hold waies rehashed to them and hold waies said in their local semantic correspondence ( www. Division of Energy. territory. La. us ) . There are non numerous points of interest for English phonetic correspondence researchers while government sanctioned testing is concerned. Educators will hold to make individualized courses in administering studentsââ¬â¢ headway to infer genuine evaluation outcomes. Section Two While trying to infer useful and positive input from English etymological correspondence researchers. educators must use on-going evaluations. Though normalized preliminaries just give data on students during a specific bit of the twelvemonth. on-going examinations will let teachers to administer studentsââ¬â¢ progression all through the twelvemonth. Casual evaluations are great in directing the headway of students. One kind of casual evaluation is the utilization of capacity playing. During capacity playing. students are offered opportunities to talk in English covering with various condition of affairss. This examination will permit the teacher recognize how great the student is understands the situations and how they react to them. This kind of evaluation is solid since it permits understudies to set the English phonetic correspondence into utilization expanding their English capability. Another sort of evaluations that can be utilized is portfolios. Portfolios are other than ready to regulate studentsââ¬â¢ headway consistently during the twelvemonth. An arrangement of the studentsââ¬â¢, for example, stories. drawings. educator notes. introductions. furthermore, achievements work will be gathered by the teacher so their progression can be explored and to gracefully opportunely and rise to input. The teacher can take to use what stuff ought to be remembered for the portfolio furthermore let the understudies to take what they would wish to hold set in the portfolio. The advantage of holding portfolios is that students can reevaluate their work and manage their headway. This sort of evaluation other than keeps students occupied with the securing strategy. One advantage of holding portfolios is that students can see tests of their work and think about their ain individual developing and achievements. Synergistic gathering work is another signifier of evaluation that can be used with English phonetic correspondence researchers. ââ¬Å"Collaborative work assists ELLs with having a sense of security. work easily at a degree where entrance incitements are kept at a lower limit. what's more, show education to educators in casual waysâ⬠( Daniel. Lenski et Al. . 2006. pg. 31 ) . Community bunch work is an examination that empowers duologue between students that can increase procurement. This sort of examination is acceptable in that it permits understudies to open up and let obtaining to take topographic point that concurs with the single procurement habits. One bit of leeway to this evaluation is students are permitted to spin between the English phonetic correspondence and their local etymological correspondence to keep up the duologue moving. Understudies can indict self-evaluation each piece great to regulate student headway. Self-evaluations urge understudies to arraign in their ain securing and survey themselves on how they think they are come oning or what challenges they may go up against. ââ¬Å"Student-included schoolroom examination method and welcomes understudies in as life partners. managing their ain degrees of achievementâ⬠( Stiggins A ; Chappis. 2005. pg. 13 ) . At the point when educators utilize self-evaluations. they ought to keep up in head the various degrees of etymological correspondence capability and ought to back up them by executing instructional plans that will help them go free researchers. An outline of self-appraisal is leting students to use a Connections graph. This plan draws in understudies in perusing a story and filet at specific focuses while doing associations with other stuff they have perused. This movement non simply increments etymological correspondence capability yet profic iency achievements as great. Instructor perceptions other than known as ââ¬Å"kid watchingâ⬠can be utilized as a signifier of evaluation other than. Instructors ought to distinguish students in their regular procurement condition. Educator perceptions should flexibly data about the studentsââ¬â¢ physical. passionate. cultural. what's more, normal practices that can advance procurement or thwart it. To parcel perceptions with understudies. teacher could do a gathering log with each childââ¬â¢s open introduction. This will help the teacher execute efficacious plans that will elevate studentââ¬â¢s procurement. Examinations are of import in administering studentsââ¬â¢ developing over a time of clasp. They are basic in helping educators plan suitable and efficacious plans that will increase studentsââ¬â¢ open introduction. Results from these examinations control teachers in doing changes to the exercise varying. There is non one evaluation that will suit the requests of all students ; thus. arranged sorts of examinations ought to be utilized to acquire genuine outcomes of studentââ¬â¢s headway. Notices Instruction. L. D. ( 2012. December 10 ) . English Language Developement Assessment. Recovered from Louisiana Department of Education: hypertext trans Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-57918504613815745602020-08-21T10:07:00.001-07:002020-08-21T10:07:12.884-07:00Creating a Scarlet Letter EssayCreating a Scarlet Letter EssayIf you are thinking about writing a Scarlet Letter Essay, then the key to writing an essay that stands out is to write with relevance and originality. Make sure that the topic of your essay is one that is related to your subject. Your Scarlet Letter Essay should have a strong theme that leads to a cohesive story that illustrates your expertise. A theme that will be consistent with your entire writing style is crucial in helping you create a good story that will stand out.The best Scarlet Letter Topics are usually something that we find ourselves writing on a regular basis such as love and romance, technology and entertainment, or business and finance. Since you are not required to take a specific topic that interests you, it is up to you to look for a topic that you would like to write about. There are a few places that you can turn for topics and research. Online discussion boards are usually filled with topics that are open to anyone. Go to these boar ds and look for topics that others have already posted and see if you can come up with a good topic yourself.Scarlet Letter Essay Topics should also be written in a way that will bring out the best in your reader. Don't bore them with too much information. If you are unsure of the topic, then you can always start off with a short paragraph with some information about the subject. You can work this into your essay if you feel that it is important.When you begin writing your topic, it is important to give some background information so that the major point of the essay will be established early on. Research the topic by reading books, magazines, and newspapers. Use your favorite search engine to get ideas. Once you are familiar with the subject, you can move on to the writing process.One of the most difficult parts of writing a ScarletLetter Essay is to make sure that the thesis statement is well supported. When writing a Scarlet Letter Essay, the thesis statement is usually the part that readers pay attention to the most. Without this part of the essay, it is difficult to get them to read your other essays as well.It is also important to develop a list of requirements before writing a Scarlet Letter Essay. Most students do not have experience in writing but they are always looking for someone who does. Start by finding a mentor. They may be able to tell you what they would include in their Scarlet Letter Essay. Once you have a list of guidelines that you want to follow, then you can go on to create your personal list of requirements that you want to include in your essay.You should read certain books that pertain to the topic you are writing about. This is a great way to help you learn the style that is best suited for writing a Scarlet Letter Essay. Try to use stories from famous writers in order to learn the style of writing they have used in their own essays. What is most important is that you learn how to learn from their mistakes. By learning from the erro rs that others make, you will develop better skills that will help you in the future.Creating a Scarlet Letter Essay is a great way to get your message across. Just make sure that you know what the purpose of the essay is before you begin writing. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-77725697954708266382020-05-25T22:40:00.001-07:002020-05-25T22:40:02.947-07:00The Ontological Status Of Properties Essay - 2099 Words In recent times, the discussion regarding the ontological status of properties has been imbued with renewed interest. Indeed, oneââ¬â¢s understanding of properties has significant implications and consequences on their metaphysics of philosophy of the mind. In this essay, I will largely bypass the debates disputing the realness of properties altogether, and instead focus on trying to find a satisfying conception of properties. The reason is twofold: 1) I would like to entertain accounts of property realism that do not suppose properties to be universals; and 2) objections against properties as universals fail to offer adequate alternatives. First, I will provide a traditional account of properties as universals, and the objections against properties due to this characterization, as well as some simple rebuttals against the objections. Then, I will discuss some stances regarding the nature of properties, mainly property minimalism and maximalism, and provide my personal interpretat ions towards them. I hope to show that although properties as universals can be problematic, the alternative of constructing them as particulars has issues of its own. Defining Properties as Universals Properties, sometimes characterized as universals, are thought to exemplify the ââ¬Å"relations of qualitative identity and resemblance among individualsâ⬠. In other words, the common quality which unites particulars would be a property shared amongst them. Those who argue in favour of properties usually do soShow MoreRelatedCan Realism Offer A Plausible Response?1677 Words à |à 7 PagesBradleyââ¬â¢s Regress? Abstract. Both Baxter (2001) and Armstrong (2004) have advanced moderate realist theories of partial identity in order to overcome a version of Bradleyââ¬â¢s regress as it arises concerning relations between particulars and their properties. Such arguments, if successful, would also appear to strengthen the case for accepting realism over that of opposing accounts, such as nominalist trope theories . This paper is primarily concerned with Baxterââ¬â¢s theory and finds that, whilst notRead MoreInformation Ethics Essay1050 Words à |à 5 Pagesdo with Being itself and not just with the Being of beings which is the matter of metaphysics. The primary aim of an ontological foundation of information ethics is to question the metaphysical ambitions of digital ontology understood as todays pervading understanding of being. The author analyzes some challenges of digital technology, particularly with regard to the moral status of digital agents. It has been argues that information ethics does not only deal with ethical questions relating to theRead MoreReflection Paper On Philosophy730 Words à |à 3 Pagesthat I was not a logical person, because I was impulsive and did not require factual evidence for the things I held to be true. This fact about me has not changed, however, going into this original paper, I do not believe I entirely understood the properties of logic. Through philosophy, I have learned that goal of logic is not to necessarily always rely on facts but to be able to properly defend our beliefs without the use of false reasonings or fallacies. Basically, in plain terms, when trying toRead MoreDavid Lewis s New Work For A Theory Of Universals861 Words à |à 4 Pages One consequence of viewing ontology and identity as relative is that properties and universals hardly seem much more problematic. Although universals obviously do not exist on a fundamental level, I think both David Lewis and David Armstrong provide helpful suggestions on the scope of universals in practical discourse. 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The perceiver gets reduced to an organized body, mind becomes the brain, body motions become actions, man becomes the person. Churchland redefines phenomenal qualities as being nothing but properties of the brain. Cognitive events such as understanding, recognising, feeling, and perceiving are replaced with neural analogs. Here psychological events are treated solely as neural events. This is the prevailing view in cognitive science. These contemporaryRead More Mackies Arguments Against Objective Values Essay1693 Words à |à 7 Pagesquite literal in claiming objective facts. Basically, Mackie is an error theorist, so he believes that judgments have a truth value even though there are no possible objective values that could ever make them true. The crux of his position is an ontological view about the absence of objective values. Mackie?s second step in defining his position is to set its boundaries. 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First, it is a property of bodies conceptually distinguishing them from empty space; second, it is an actual property underlying the power of Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-18692089231222578622020-05-15T05:00:00.001-07:002020-05-15T05:00:04.836-07:00Government and Social Issues - 802 Words Government and Social Issues It appears readily apparent that an increase in tax revenues for alcohol would only aid in the prevention of violence related to alcohol in Australia. This fact, and the bulk of statistical evidence that supports it, is largely known to the Australian government and its appropriate authorities that mandate tax rules. However the governments primary concern seems to be appeasing the wine industry in the country, which is taxed at a much lower rate than other forms of alcoholic beverages including hard liquor and beer, despite having the same quantities of alcohol in the individual drinks. When one takes this notion into account, it becomes plain that the decision to not increase tax on wine in Australia is a simple matter of economics in which the authorities would rather save the wine industry 12,000 jobs and not decrease its sales by 34 percent which the imposition of stricter tax regulations purportedly would have done and instead pay the cost in the treatment of and picking up the piece for the violence that stems from alcohol, which impacts the economy to the tune of $15 billion a year (No author, 2010). The most convincing evidence for the correlation between increased alcohol taxes and better health care, however, stems from the fact that there is empirical evidence to support the notion that higher taxation and prices leads to lower rates of consumption of intoxicants (No author, 2010). The best way to target children in a ProgramShow MoreRelatedSocial Media Evidence Of Government Investigations And Criminal Proceedings A Frontier Of New Legal Issues1370 Words à |à 6 Pageshttp://jolt.richmond.edu/index.php/social-media-evidence-in-government-investigations-and-criminal-proceedings-a-frontier-of-new-legal-issues/ d. Search Google, looking for information about Facebook acting unethical in a non-US location. Look at 3 different links, give them here. What potential issues do you learn from these links? List them. In the first URL Facebook is being investigated to assess whether an experiment in which it manipulated users news feeds to study the effect it had onRead MoreDiscuss the Key Political and Social Issues of the Post-War Era (Ie. During the Attle Government 1945-1951)1000 Words à |à 4 PagesPolitical issues: â⬠¢ Women played a major role in WW2 and were permanent in the industries now. â⬠¢ Political conflict between the war time coalition governments Churchill PM Conservative, Attlee DPM Labour: 1) The war-time coalition between the Conservatives (led by PM Winston Churchill) and Labour (led by Deputy PM Clement Attlee) broke up in 1945 over the question of the nature of the British society in the future. 2) The Conservatives would have been happy for a return to the inter-war practiceRead MoreSocial Welfare And The Welfare System924 Words à |à 4 Pagespolicy issues, whether those issues include social welfare, immigration or even environmental issues. 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Furthermore, a dissimilar framework will be applied to the housing policy issue and its implications will be scrutinized for understanding the roles of the government and other stakeholders with the respect to the issue. Scott, (2010) argues about the theoryRead MoreThe New Right Essay159 0 Words à |à 7 Pageswith agendas to increase government involvement beyond the established conservative view of governmentââ¬â¢s role. Although New Right politicians made admirable advances to dissemble New Deal economic policies, the movement as a whole counters conservativism and the ideologies that America was founded on. Although the New Right adopts conservative economic ideologies, its social agenda weakened the conservative movement by focusing public attention to social and cultural issues that have no place withinRead MoreThe Social Problems Of The Students1382 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Participants For the purpose of this assignment I interviewed three people, inquiring them on their perceptions of modern social problems. In order for them to remain anonymous I will use first and last initials as identification. First I spoke with PH. PH is a 45-year-old male who identifies as male and White. He went to a four-year institution and holds a BS degree and lives in the southeastern part of the United States. Next I interviewed GT. GT is also a male who identifies as maleRead MoreCausal Theories And Social Construction827 Words à |à 4 Pages Causal Theories and Social Construction Stone (1989) explained that situations are created by human action and influence human intervention. The author argued the idea that problems are tied to image making, where the images have to do fundamentally with attributing cause, blame, and responsibility. More importantly, the idea that political parties portray situations as harmful in society, which they then tie issues to organizations and individuals. This allows the political actors to gain support Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-35491749682762358772020-05-06T16:10:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:10:31.481-07:00The Second Amendment Why It Is Important to Our Country On December 15, 1791, the Bill of Rights was ratified effective by Congress. These first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America promised the states certain rights and freedoms which could not be infringed by the government. After all, the founding fathers knew from experience that men in their weakness were often tempted by power. They had become all too familiar with this when under the control of King George in England. Therefore, in order to protect the future people of their beautiful country, they promised certain liberties which could not be taken away. Every single one of these freedoms is important for the United States of America. However, the second amendment is especially importantâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Man will be tempted, government leaders will take advantage of their power for control, and darkness may fall over the land, but as long as good men are not idle, evil will not thrive. The second amendment enables the good to take action against evil. Thomas Jefferson put this best when he said, ââ¬Å"No free man shall ever be debarred the use of arms. The strongest reason for the people to retain the right to keep and bear arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against tyranny in government.â⬠Our second amendment is important because it gives good men the ability to protect those self-evident truths from a corrupt and overreaching government. Some fallen men in power today are trying to destroy our beautiful country. The basic principles written in our Constitution and Declaration of Independence are being discarded. The self-evident truths which our wise founding fathers knew so well are not so obvious to our leaders today. As for the right to life, our country has declared that it is no longer a right bestowed on all men by their Creator, but can only be granted to some by the government. We have legalized abortion in all states, and euthanasia and assisted suicide in some states. The government has allowed and promoted death to become part of the culture. As for liberty, the first amendment of our Bill of Rights has already been taken away. The HHS Mandate forces us asShow MoreRelatedImportance Of The Second Amendment1168 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Second Amendment Imagine youre sleeping at night and then suddenly, you wake up. You walk in into your kitchen and grab a glass of water and hear a noise, you realize there is someone in your house. Whats your first action, what are you going to do? Our second amendment protects us in this situation. The problem solver to this situation is to get a gun and maybe use it in defense for your safety and others. Our Second Amendment gives us a right to guns and to use them for defense in orderRead MoreThe National Rifle Association of America Essay1159 Words à |à 5 Pagesand largest civil rights organization is under attack, but why? Thatââ¬â¢s what is going on right now with the NRA and the issues that they are defending. Ever since the NRA was founded, it has been doing things to help out the people of this country and to shape the country itself. There are so many controversies that are going on today in politics that are the center of the NRAââ¬â¢s philosophy. The NRA does a lot for the peop le of this country by impacting the lives of millions of Americans, through itsRead MoreGun Control795 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe big difference between the U.S. and these other countries? In these other countries it nearly impossible to buy any kind of gun. In these countries there are no gun shows. In these countries you cant buy a gun at a pawnshop or your local Wal-Mart. These countries have strict gun laws and are all about gun control. In this paper I will discus the correct interpretation of the Second Amendment, why guns are such a problem in the U.S., and why guns are more likely to kill a friend instead of aRead MoreArgument Supporting Increased Gun Control in the United States772 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe big difference between the U.S. and these other countries? In these other countries it nearly impossible to buy any kind of gun. In these countries there are no gun shows. In these countries you canââ¬â¢t buy a gun at a pawnshop or your local Wal-Mart. These countr ies have strict gun laws and are all about gun control. In this paper I will discus the correct interpretation of the Second Amendment, why guns are such a problem in the U.S., and why guns are more likely to kill a friend instead of a foeRead More Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition Essay examples767 Words à |à 4 PagesThere are three main reasons why we have or need our Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. First, the 1st Amendment gives us our independence. Second, it also gives us the right to express ourselves. Last but not least, it allows people to express themselves without constraint by the government. The 1st Amendment is a very essential freedom that everyone should be entitled to. Our independence is the most important essential need of humans. It Read MoreThe 2nd Amendment Essay1119 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Second Amendment Most people would link violence and crime problems with gun control in America. The debate that Americans face today is the freedom the Second Amendment gives citizens and whether or not the country should repeal it. While some people feel that repealing it should solve the problem, others believe that it is one of the most important basic freedoms we have as Americans. Federal gun control laws are unconstitutional, and I believe the Second Amendment is both an individualRead MoreA Debate On Owning A Gun1516 Words à |à 7 Pageswho believe that only law enforcement and military should own guns. However, other Americans believe that guns are a constitutional right to own arms. Important questions in this debate include: why do Americans own guns, should firearms be allowed to hunt, is the second amendment still important today, and owning a gun is dangerous to people, so why get one? Americans should own guns. If not, the repercussions of unarmed citizens would be devastating to the freedoms of the United States. All of theseRead MoreDebate 24: Becoming President: Natural-Born Citizens Only or All Citizens?1233 Words à |à 5 Pagesnext president when they grow up. However, what each boy and girl is not taught is that this statement is not entirely true because it cannot be met by all. According to the Constitution, not every American boy and girl has the chance to lead this country. In fact, any individual that has not been born a citizen of the United States is automatically disqualified from the race to become president. Article II, section I of the Constitution states clearly that only natural-born citizens of the UnitedRead MoreThe Second Amendment And Gun Control928 Words à |à 4 PagesIt is in our own lives we define what we believe and what we believe in ultimately defines us. Not only do our views of ourselves matter as to who we are, what we stand for, and what we deem important, but also othersââ¬â¢ view of our own person are sometim es just as or more important. In reference to the Second Amendment and gun control, the author, Saul Cornell, makes a case for how sometimes every group can think they are the ones in the right, but at the same time, every group can ultimately be inRead MoreUs Constitution Essay1653 Words à |à 7 Pagestwenty-five years old, Today, many of us question whether or not the United States Constitution is still relevant. When our founding fathers wrote the Constitution, it was written according to their needs in the eighteenth century. According to the Bill of Rights, everyone has the right to bear arms, but in the twenty-first century what exactly does it mean to have the right to bear arms? Our meaning of the Constitution today, is different than the meaning of the Constitution two hundred and twenty-five Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-36797994878939212942020-05-05T18:47:00.001-07:002020-05-05T18:47:11.829-07:00Saint Paul the Apostle free essay sample Saint Paul is very significant for numerous reasons and in various ways. He was very essential for the faith of Christianity. One way he was important (later on in life) was his upbringing as a Jew, and his miraculous conversion to Christianity. In addition to that Saint Paul was important for his campaign work, spreading Christianity to new lands. And most importantly he is essential for all of his writings that contributed to a majority of the New Testament. All of Saint Paulââ¬â¢s experiences throughout his lifetime are what molded him into what he was. Every stage in his life was crucial in how (later on in life) he defined Christianity to many people. He risked his life trying to share the belief Christianity all over the world. Saint Paul is undoubtedly one of the most important figures in the history of the Western world. ââ¬Å"Paul was probably born sometime between the years 3 and 15 A. D. â⬠(Buckmaster 1) Paul was born on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in a Provence named Tarsus. Tarsus was a very large and important trade center under the rule of Rome. Over a quarter of a million people resided there due to the abundance of work and the excellent quality of life. Tarsus was a lodestar for merchants, philosophers, and the footloose rich who traveled tirelessly in pursuit of the sightsâ⬠(Buckmaster 1) Tarsus was a very wealthy place mainly because of its trade. Also Tarsus was also known for being a center of well-educated and well-skilled people. His family worked as tent-makers and he also acquired the skill at a young age. Tarsus did not grant Roman citizenship for every citizen that resided there. If a citizen of Tarsus was from a family of social standing of four generations or more, they were generally granted citizenship status. Tarsus was a fusion of civilizations at peace under the rule of Romeâ⬠(Pollock 4) ââ¬Å"Saul was a freeborn Roman citizen, and a Jew. â⬠(Buckmaster 2) Being a Roman citizen Paul had two names. One name would show heritage apart from Rome, and the other name would show the Roman heritage. Pauls Roman name was Saul Paulus; Saul was Hebrew and Paulus was Roman. Saul meant, ââ¬Å"desired forâ⬠and Paulus meant ââ¬Å"small. â⬠He was born into his Jewish heritage because his family converted to Judaism well before he was born. There were three main sections to Judaism, it included Pharisees, Sadducees, and the Essenes. The Essenes were very generous and virtuous. They would work hard and take care of the less fortunate. The Sadducees were strictest of the three in the sense that the most elite, rich and powerful fell in this category. The Pharisees was the largest and most popular. Paul and his family were of Pharisees. Pharisees believed in following the laws of Moses precisely. ââ¬Å"Phariseeism cooled and ordered the spirit. The Pharisees laid great stress on the ritual and forms of pious law. In defense of Judaism they evolved a great body of precepts which went beyond the law of Moses. â⬠(Buckmaster 6) At a young age Paul went to and lived in Jerusalem, to attend the Pharisaic school. He was a student of the Rabbi Gamaliel, who was one of the greatest teachers of the first century. ââ¬Å"During the next five or six years he sat at the feet of Gamalielâ⬠¦ Paul learned to dissect a text until scores of possible meaning were disclosed according to the considered opinion of the generations of rabbis, who had obscured the original sense by layers of tradition to protect an Israelite from the least possible infringement of the law; and illogically, to help him avoid its inconveniences. Paul learned to debate in the question-and-answer style know to the ancient world as the ââ¬Å"diatribe,â⬠and to expound, for a rabbi was part lawyer who prosecuted or defended those who broke the sacred Law, and part teacher. â⬠(Pollock 6, 7) He studied the Hebrew bible and also was educated in ethics, Greek writings and philosophy. Paul did not become a rabbi after he completed his education; instead, he became a member of the temple police. His goal was to go after and persecute the followers of Jesus Christ and/or Christianity. ââ¬Å"With his sworn followers Paul now instituted a reign of terror among the Hellenistic Nazarenes of Jerusalem. (Kraeling 45) Paul would even go into synagogues and arrest their members. He attempted to do whatever he could to destroy the church of God. The high priest instructed Saul to travel to Damascus and arrest the important members of the Jerusalem Church. ââ¬Å"The High Priest gave him [Saul] letters of authority to seize the Naza renes who had escaped to Damascus. â⬠(Buckmaster 20) On his way to Damascus, ââ¬Å"As he neared Damascus on his journey, suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him. He fell to the ground and heard a voice say to him, ââ¬Å"Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? ââ¬Å"Who are you, Lord? â⬠Saul asked. ââ¬Å"I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting,â⬠he replied. ââ¬Å"Now get up and go into the city, and you will be told what you must do. â⬠The men traveling with Saul stood there speechless; they heard the sound but did not see anyone. Saul got up from the ground, but when he opened his eyes he could see nothing. So they led him by the hand into Damascus. â⬠(Acts 9:4-8) In Damascus there was a man named Ananias. Ananias was a follower of Jesus, he placed his hands on Paul and took away the blindness. That is when Paul was baptized into the faith. From that moment on he was a follower of Christ and began his journey. After his vision on the way to Damascus, Paul was fully converted. He was no longer a terror and persecutor to the followers of Jesus. It was a calling for Paul, it was his new life, and he would pursue it with more passion than he did Judaism. From that moment on Paul went on numerous missionary journeys spreading the name of his Lord, Jesus Christ. Paul traveled throughout the Mediterranean preaching the gospel. He used Romeââ¬â¢s advanced road systems and the sea to voyage around. Paul was documented taking at least 3 major missionary journeys. Paulââ¬â¢s missionary journey began in the year C. E. 44. He traveled to Cypress and converted their governor. From that moment on he was known as Saint Paul. ââ¬Å"In little more than ten years St. Paul established the Church in four provinces of the Empire, Galatia, Macedonia, Achaia and Asia. Before A. D. 47 there were no Churches in these provinces; in A. D 57 St. Paul could speak as if his work there was done. â⬠(Bruce 18) Along his travels he built churches and he debated. Paul also fought against a Jewish-Christianity. That is Christianity that had to follow the laws of the Jews. For example like their dietary laws (no shellfish or pork) and circumcision. ââ¬Å"This transition from a pure mission to the Jews to a mission to the Gentiles conducted by Hellenists should be understood not as a one-time event, but rather as a process. â⬠(Riesner 109) Paul was also known for writing many letters, they ââ¬Å"provide an authoritative interpretation of the Gospel. â⬠(Selby 235) He wrote in his letters that Christians were freed from the law. So he built a Christian faith apart from Jewish traditions and made it much more accessible to Greeks. He also wrote letters to churches and church leaders. These letters intention was to teach the new churches Christian doctrines, correct any problems that might have occurred and to inspire the followers. ââ¬Å"Whatever the Churchââ¬â¢s needs, his letters have helped to find an answer. Moral instruction, courageous example, hope, exhortations to true piety profound theological ideasââ¬âthey are all there. â⬠(Selby 10) In total Paul wrote 13 letters, which were in turn the writings of the New Testament. Throughout his life Paul was in and out of various prisons all around the world. This was because many Jews hated the fact that the Apostles were on their conquest. Unfortunately it ultimately catches up with Paul and leads to his death. All in all Paul was arrested 4 times and spent around 6 years in prison. He was beaten and tortured numerous times throughout his life. ââ¬Å"Paul was arrested for the last time probably in the summer of A. D 66. â⬠(Pollock 234) He was arrested in Rome and was held there until A. D. 68. ââ¬Å"Of Paulââ¬â¢s final trial nothing is known beyond a tradition that he was condemned by resolution of the Senate on the charge of treason against the divine Emperor. (Pollock 237) Eventually the Romans beheaded him in the year A. D. 68. Saint Pauls life was simply amazing and he singlehandedly changed the course of Christianity. In a way he set the tone for Christianity. Paul made a large impact for Christianity as an Apostle, writer and interpreter. He had expanded the church while traveling tens of thousands of miles to distant pl aces. He was crucial in moving Christianity from a Jewish-based belief in practices and in location to entire Mediterranean. Every voyage he put his life on the line to spread the name of Jesus Christ. He was detained a total of 6 times and was beaten and tortured numerous times. Saint Paul wouldnââ¬â¢t be as influential as he was if he didnââ¬â¢t experience what he did in his early life. Growing up he was a faithful Jew and even was educated for 6 years to essentially hate all forms of Christianity. On his way to Damascus when he saw Jesus and he spoke to him it changed everything for him. He transformed from a passionate Christianity hater to a passionate Christianity advocate. In my opinion that drastic leap of faith gave him the best view of both worlds. With that being said I think thatââ¬â¢s the reason why he was such a great advocate. He knew what he was exactly preaching for, and he knew what he was preaching against in precise detail. He knew because he experienced it. Thatââ¬â¢s one reason why he was so popular and successful. His letters created most of the New Testament and it gave people an understanding of the faith itself. Saint Paul was a very learned kid growing up, even spending multiple years studying under one of the top Rabbiââ¬â¢s in history at an elite school. He meticulously studied the Hebrew bible, ethics, Greek writings and philosophy. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-29159018741131533682020-04-12T11:48:00.001-07:002020-04-12T11:48:02.746-07:00Macbeth Motifs free essay sample Another prominent example of appearance vs. reality in Macbeth is the entire scene of Scene five in Act one when Lady Macbeth lures Duncan into her castle. During this scene Lady Macbeth behaves like an ââ¬Å"innocent flower while being the serpent underneathâ⬠by accepting Duncan into her house happily, making him believe she was a loyal subject to him all-the-while plotting his death. The last example of appearance vs. reality in Macbeth is in Act four Scene three when Malcolm meets Macduff in England, he is initially wary of him. To test his integrity, Malcolm pretends to have very low moral values and pretends to be a womanizer, greedy, and dishonorable; yet it reality, Malcolm is just the opposite. In Act one Scene two of Macbeth, blood was the second motif presented. Blood is displayed everywhere in the play Macbeth beginning with the opening battle between Scotland and Norway when the ââ¬Å"bloodyâ⬠or bleeding captain arrives. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Motifs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Before Macbeth and Lady Macbeth commenced upon their murdering voyage, blood began to symbolize their guilt. At the end of Act two Scene one, Macbeth has a soliloquy as he ââ¬Å"seesâ⬠a floating bloody dagger. One can also deduce that the ââ¬Å"daggerâ⬠soliloquy is also a part of the motif appearances vs. reality: Macbeth might be seeing the dagger only as a result of the impending guilt and crime he was about to commit. As the play continues, blood comes to symbolize their guilt, and Macbeth begins to feel that their crimes have stained them in a way that cannot be washed clean. In Act two Scene two Macbeth cries after killing Duncan ââ¬Å"Will all great Neptuneââ¬â¢s ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather/ the multitudinous seas incarnadineâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (II. ii, lines 58-61). Regardless of this guilt, Macbeth continues to murder numerous people resulting in the motif, blood, appearing again. In Act five Scene one, Lady Macbeth begins to experience suppressed guilt as well when she starts to sleep walk. While Lady Macbeth sleep walks she talks to herself and continuously rubs her hands in a washing motion in order to get rid of the blood only she can see. Similar to the ââ¬Å"daggerâ⬠soliloquy, Lady Macbethââ¬â¢s sleepwalking scene can also be considered a part of the motif appearances vs. reality since the blood she is trying to wash away isnââ¬â¢t there. In Act one Scene three of Macbeth, the motif darkness is the third motif presented. Throughout the entire play, with the exception of Act one Scene six, darkness was the main ââ¬Å"settingâ⬠, providing the play with an ominous and eerie mood. One can deduce that this motif was also used to unsuccessfully shield the evil doings of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Darkness is first introduced or inferred to when Macbeth states that the weather was horrible in Act one Scene three. Darkness is also presented in Act one Scene five when Lady Macbeth calls on darkness to shield all eyes to her wicked acts. In Act two Scene four, it is made apparent that Darkness has come along with other abnormalities after Duncan was killed when Ross says, ââ¬Å"By Thââ¬â¢ clock ââ¬Ëtis day/ and yet dark night strangles the traveling lamp: Isnââ¬â¢t nightââ¬â¢s predominance, or the dayââ¬â¢s shame/ That darkness does the face of the earth entomb/ When living light should kiss it? â⬠(II. iv, lines 6-9). Although darkness was called by Lady Macbeth for protection, it eventually turns against her, making her afraid of the darkness. This can be deduced because of the constant candle she carries around while sleepwalking in Act five scene one. One can also deduce that in the final scene and act of the play, the darkness that has plagued Scotland disperses with the death of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Throughout the Shakespearean tragedy Macbeth, motifs play a central role as a way to display important actions, scenes, and lines. The three motifs, appearances vs. reality, blood, and darkness, are the most prominent motifs since they add structure and entirety to the play. One can presume that the three motifs are essential to the characters and settings edifice. Works Cited Shakespeare, William, and Eugene M. Waith. The Tragedy of Macbeth;. New Haven: Yale UP, 1954. Print. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-52870299489663757922020-03-10T20:59:00.001-07:002020-03-10T20:59:02.909-07:00IVYT 111 Essays - Cognition, Experimental Psychology, Human BehaviorIVYT 111 Essays - Cognition, Experimental Psychology, Human Behavior IVYT 111 10/14/2016 Thinking about work "I like work: It fascinate me. I can sit and look at it for hours" (Jerome K. Jerome). Work is an activity which involves mental or physical effort in order to achieve a purpose. It is also an important aspect of human life for survival. We work for so many reason s , some work to earn more money, some for the joy of it. However, the reason of involving in work arises out of the numerous needs of human beings. In order to meet up with our demand, we undertake different types of work. To work does not necessarily mean making money, it also involv es what you make out of it. It fascinates me to work because it provides a lot of benefits and also keeps the brain active at all time. Moreover, work keeps your soul, mind and body busy throughout the working period. It comes with so many rewards for example insurance, some company supports their staff in paying tuition in school and other but the most important of all is how you are enjoying your work. I have been working for some time now and I can sincerely say that the most rewarding part of my job is that it opened my eyes on certain health issues making it easier to pursue my dream carrier. It gladdens my heart to work each time knowing fully well that everyday come with a knowledge . Working is a wonderful thing to do, but being a supervisor is something that seem impossible. However, being a supervisor is an upliftment from your employer but it come s with a lot of advantages and disa dvantage. The advantages of supervising other people i s that you will be provided with appropriate learning opportunities to develop your skills which is a plus because you are acquiring more knowledge and at the same time be ing paid for it. It also motivates you to work hard. It comes with higher pay, get to be a leader, gain lots of experience, respect will be accorded to you and it give you the opportunity to impact on decision making in the company. Furthermore, the disadvantages of being a supervisor is overwhelming as it makes you to have more goals and responsibilities as you are to be questioned for any work not properly done. It will also expose you to working extra hours, answer to the top authorities, deal with more people and being responsible for people under you as you can hire or fire people. The aspect of hiring and firing people comes with a lot of hatred, enemity and bad names but as a supervisor you have to endure to be able to do an excellent job. In as much as it is important to work to gain a living, it is also necessary to work in order to keep yourself busy as they say" An idle mind is a devil's workshop " living bible(TLB) proverb 16:27- 29. This simply mean that people should be kept busy or something happens. Working keeps the mind busy, develops the brain and also brings happiness. It is a good thing to have a stable work because it helps you to concentrate and give in your best. It is also rewarding , it helps to develop your skills and organizing yourself. The stability of your work brings about a stable income and it creates an avenue for promotion. It is interesting to work because the reward always come at your old age when you can no longer work or do anything. working helps in perfection, success and achieving your goals academically, financially and otherwise. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-23314233805774509352020-02-23T11:25:00.001-08:002020-02-23T11:25:02.574-08:00Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) and Human Resource (HR) Research PaperSociety for Human Resource Management (SHRM) and Human Resource (HR) Careers - Research Paper Example From this discussion it is clear that professional in Human Resource (PHR) is a certification awarded to individuals who have at least 2 years experience in human resources. In addition, it aims at recognizing individuals who portray strong logistical orientation, extensive skills in program orientation and use of outlined policies to make decisions related to management of human resources. The major advantage of a PHR is that it allows individuals to acquire strong mastery of strategic management, compensation and benefits, risk management as well as workforce planning and labor relations.This paper highlights thatà Senior Professional in Human Resource (SPHR) certificate is the highest level in the human resources certification.à Being awarded to human resources professionals who have a minimum of six years in a complex human resources management, SPHR has an advantage of allowing individuals to design and plan human resources policies. On the other hand, Global Professional i n Human Resource (GPHR) is a certification awarded to professionals who develop and implement human resources strategies at an international level. In addition, it involves controlling international projects and managing human resources departments of international companies. Of the three certifications, my current choice is PHR. This is based on the fact that it would enhance my current career in identification of basic policies that relate to HR management and rules set by Society for Human Resource Management. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-35815103232107112432020-02-07T04:12:00.001-08:002020-02-07T04:12:03.011-08:00Food Safety Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsFood Safety Management - Essay Example Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) has emerged as a popular system of safety management and has become pivotal to securing the safety of the food supply and battle against the escalation of food borne disease.(Taylor and Taylor 2004).However as the instance of the Potter Foods example shows that small and medium sized businesses have found the entire process a "bureaucratic nightmare", and find the whole implementation of the HACCP complex and barriers.(Taylor and Taylor 2004).The system has its origins in the first US manned space Programme (Taylor and Taylor 2004 citing Buchanan 1990) and today it is "an operation specific system of preventative control, which identifies, evaluates and controls hazards of significance to food safety". On the facts we have been told that Potter foods has to as a matter of code of practice implement a food safety management system based on the Codex HACCP Principles with in a time frame of 2 years. It has been required that such a plan must cover all microbiological, chemical and physical hazards that might arise from the raw materials used, covering the entire of the manufacturing process, right up to the point of handover to the Customer. It was also specified that any support programmes, with the prerequisites must be effectively implemented with proper result.At this point I would suggest that such documentation must be completed upon a product-by-product basis and my project plan suggests that suitably qualified personnel should be employed to advance this process. Summary of the problem From the case study it is possible to glean that Potter's Foods being a medium-sized manufacturer of chilled ready meals based in the north of England has three large factory buildings dealing with bakery and party food items which are called Bakery, Chilled and Party .We have been told that the seasoning room and the raw material distribution centre are located in the same store and that the Company uses its own transport for work in progress foods or raw materials however it has not been mentioned that the distribution centre or its transport have proper refrigeration as this is very important for HACCP implementation and could be major reason for the foreign body complaints Potter Foods are facing. In the drawing up of the project plan it is pertinent to note that Potter Foods has to keep up its marketing edge as a flexible manufacturer, with low cost production and prompt delivery and at the same time utilise and keep up the customer confidence. It has also been mentioned that Party is an old building and may not be conducive to the HACCP implementation. There is a problem of taking action against suppliers for defective and unsafe food as it has been said that the raw materials purchased have little paper work into them. As mentioned before Potter's foods are having trouble with microbiological counts and poor equipment maintenance and there is consultation at an organised level with in the technical managers and directors. It has been stated that there is a large amount of wastage due to changes in raw materials suppliers and that the timing of the cooked foods and their temperatures is not adjusted for safety. There is also another danger as it has been stated Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-16083755121656038092020-01-29T04:26:00.001-08:002020-01-29T04:26:03.302-08:00The media & role in society Essay Example for Free The media role in society Essay The media plays a crucial role in society. It is responsible for developing viewpoints through the images it represents. People form opinions through what the media provides. However, more often than not, the media is also responsible for presenting inaccurate and biased images which greatly influence the perception of people. Naturally, the wrong kind of representation sends the wrong kind of message. The 2004 movie ââ¬Å"Crashâ⬠is a good example of how the media promotes unfair judgment, as its story increased the stereotyping of African-Americans through the negative depiction of one of its black characters. The movie ââ¬Å"Crashâ⬠is not a typical film with one story told in a linear fashion. Instead, it presents multiple vignettes woven in a web of a single narrative. In essence, the movie is about the different lives of people living in Los Angeles. It features the life of a police detective and his lover partner, 2 car thieves, a locksmith, a store owner, a TV director and his wife, the district attorney and his wife, and 2 police officers. While the stories of the characters are introduced to each otherââ¬â¢s lives through car crashes, these are more importantly connected by one thing: racial discrimination. The issue of race sits at the core of the story, as the film exhibits the conflict created by the various races of people residing in Los Angeles. All races are represented in the movie: African-American, Asian, Caucasian and Hispanic. These races collide in the story and the end result reveals the prejudices they have against each other. The story of each character ends differently; while some change for the better, some remain the same. Hence, ââ¬Å"Crashâ⬠can be considered as the film which explores racial discrimination and its consequences through the point of view of diverse personalities. Upon watching the movie, Director Paul Haggis seems to convey two messages through his masterpiece. He intended the audience to recognize two realities that are often overlooked. First, he wanted to show that everyone is guilty of racial discrimination. Regardless of which race a person belongs to, this person may have judged another based on their race. The traditional notion is that only white people are guilty of having prejudice towards African-Americans and other races. However, the movie showed that those who are often victims of racial discrimination are also guilty of participating in it. The second reality that Haggis intended to show through his film is the interconnectedness of people. No matter how different people are, they are all linked in the society they live in. He showed that actions of one individual affect the actions of another, which explains the gravity of the consequences of racial discrimination in society. Thus, the intention of the filmmaker was to open the eyes of the audience about two realities. ââ¬Å"Crashâ⬠can be considered as a remarkable piece of cinema, but it does have its flaws. It is an award-winning film with a socially relevant story to convey. Nevertheless, despite the filmââ¬â¢s noble intention to preach against racial discrimination, it is guilty of giving a negative depiction of African-Americans, specifically the character of Anthony. Anthony, who was played by rapper Chris ââ¬Å"Ludacrisâ⬠Bridges, is a young African-American man who is a thief by profession. With his friend Peter Waters (portrayed in the film by actor Larenz Tate), Anthony steals vehicles to be sold to a chop shop. In fact, the first time they appear in the movie is when they steal the Lincoln Navigator which the Rick and Jean Cabot (Brendan Fraser and Sandra Bullock) own. However, it is not only the act of stealing that gives Anthonyââ¬â¢s character its negative portrayal. It was the discrepancy between his attitude and actions that set him in a negative light. Anthony is depicted as an African-American fighting against the racial discrimination of his race. When Anthony first appears on screen, he was ranting to Peter about the unequal treatment he received from the African-American waitress. He complains that he was not served at the same speed as white customers, despite the fact that the waitress was of the same color as he. At this point, the audience recognizes Anthonyââ¬â¢s awareness of the racial discrimination African-Americans suffer in society, sometimes even from people of the same racial background. Then, Anthony reveals his hatred of white people when Rick and Jean Cabot walk towards their direction; he becomes enraged when the Jean clings closer to her husband when she sees Anthony and Peter. Eventually, both men force the white couple out of their vehicle and steal their vehicle. Throughout the story, Anthony continues to react against the discrimination of blacks in society. He says that he would not hurt his fellow African-Americans, though by the latter part of the story he broke this promise. The depiction of Anthonyââ¬â¢s character is negative because it shows the audience the contradictory nature of African-Americans. Anthony is a character who strongly opposes the unfair treatment against his race. Initially, such fervent opposition may seem as a good thing. However, his own actions encourage others to discriminate about him. While he hates the way white people discriminate against African-Americans, he gives these people enough reason to unfairly judge his race. The fear of white people towards blacks originates from the crimes or criminal activities that African-Americans are associated with. Instead of doing good things and proving society wrong about black people, he steals cars and justifies the fear. At one point, he even robbed an African-American man (Cameron Thayer as played by Terrence Howard). In addition, his actions also reflect his discrimination of others. He has extreme hatred of white people. Just as the white people discriminate against them, he also discriminates against them. He is also guilty of racial discrimination towards Asians; he ran over an Asian man he called ââ¬Å"Chinaman. â⬠Hence, the character of Anthony was depicted in a negative light as an African-American man who does not like to be discriminated but participates in the discrimination of others. The character of Anthony is also depicted negatively because it follows the stereotype of African-Americans in media. The media has often portrayed African-Americans as involved in criminal or illegal activities. The portrayal of Anthony is no exception. He was a young black man who lived on stealing other peopleââ¬â¢s vehicles. A stereotype is a representation of those who belong to a specific group which upholds common belief or unjustified bias. The stereotype of African-Americans in the media paints an unpleasant picture of a race, as it presents them as citizens who disrespect the law. Due to Anthonyââ¬â¢s depiction in the film ââ¬Å"Crash,â⬠this stereotype remains. Again, African-Americans are categorized as those that are not capable of living without breaking the laws. In real life, this is not the case. While there are black people who are involved in criminal activities, there are also African-Americans who live honest lives and earn money through hard work. Because of the stereotype that is used in the movie, the behavior of those who abide by the laws are discredited while the behavior of those who break the laws overshadow them. The negativity of a portrayal or depiction is based on the unpleasant or unfair presentation of a character. For instance, Anthony is negatively depicted because the movie upheld the stereotype of black people being criminals. The existence of such stereotype is obviously pleasant and remarkably unfair. As was earlier established, not everyone from the African-American community is involved in illegal activities. Because Anthony was portrayed as a car thief in the movie, the general perception of people that blacks are criminals still remain. Through Anthonyââ¬â¢s negative portrayal, the movie contributed to the existing stereotype of African-American people. ââ¬Å"Crashâ⬠by Paul Haggis is a movie which explores racial discrimination in Los Angeles. It highlights the existing tension between different cultures and races. While it is a distinctly fine film, it contributed to the stereotyping of African-Americans through the negative portrayal of the character of Anthony. By presenting a black man as a criminal who also discriminates against others, the movie helped little in improving the general perception of black people in society. Instead, it furthers the publicââ¬â¢s unfavorable opinion about people of color. Therefore, the story of the movie ââ¬Å"Crashâ⬠increased the stereotyping of a group. Reference Reimer, R. , Korbelin, J. , Grasic, M. (Producers) Haggis, P. (Director). (2004). Crash [Motion picture]. United States: Lionsgate. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-44614798263101970662020-01-21T00:50:00.001-08:002020-01-21T00:50:03.228-08:00Jasmine Essay -- essays papersJasmine Bharati Mukherjee was born on July 27, 1940 in Calcutta, India. (Pradhan ) She was born into a wealthy family, which assisted her in her dream of becoming a writer. She lived in India, Europe, the United States, and Canada. Migrating to these countries that are so different from her place of birth enabled her to write very powerful novels on immigrant experiences. Mukherjeeââ¬â¢s novels focus on exploring the migration and the feeling of alienation that is experienced by these immigrants. (Pradhan) Her works have explored such themes as isolation, sexism, discrimination, the mistreatment of Indian women, and exploring identities. In Bharati Mukherjeeââ¬â¢s novel Jasmine, the character shows some similarities to the author, but there are many differences. Both were born in India, but Jasmine was not born into wealth. Jasmine does not have the same resources as Bharati, so it is harder for her to leave her home and to migrate to the United States. One of the similarities between Jasmine and the author is their drive to go after what they want and to not stop until they get it. Bharatiââ¬â¢s drive is to become a writer, and Jasmineââ¬â¢s is to go to the United States. Another similarity is their struggle to find their identity when they migrate to the United States. This is one of the major themes in Jasmine. One important aspect about the novel Jasmine is that it is not written in chronological order. The novel is written as though the main character is remembering events out of sequence. The author employed this method of writing quite efficiently. It was not entirely confusing and it set a mood of anticipation of what is to come. The novel starts out when Jasmine is a young girl in India. She is consulting an astrol... ...arries his child. This is evidence that she is steering further away from her Indian values. Someone may say that Jasmine is about a victim struggling in America or that it is about an immigrant who has assimilated herself into becoming an American. I think it is a little bit of both. I think that the main theme of this novel is exploring identities. Jasmineââ¬â¢s struggle in America and her immigrant experience force her to explore within herself and to discover what she is capable of doing in life. Jasmine has many stages in her life. Even her name changes throughout the novel, becoming more American, which corresponded to the stages in her life. Jasmine went through a metamorphoses in this novel in which she had to suffer many terrible and some wonderful events in order to become the person that she is at the end of the novel when she leaves Bud to be with Taylor. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-31488130097081506652020-01-12T21:12:00.001-08:002020-01-12T21:12:03.745-08:00Human Rights/ Child Abuse EssayHistory of the issue. Have similar issues been dealt with in the past? How has it been solved, or has it? In this amazing world that we live in people are unfortunately treated unfairly everyday. Although a list of Human Rights have been developed a lot of people donââ¬â¢t receive the respect that we all deserve, including children. Child abuse is a worldwide issue that has been going on for many years. Here in the United States over 3 million reports of child abuse are made every year. Child abuse occurs at every social level and within every religion, ethnicity, and culture. Throughout history there have been many people that try to solve this common problem, but unfortunately I think society will forever struggle with child abuse. In the past two rights were at the base of the mistreatment of children: the right to own property and the right to own children. Throughout history children were considered to be owned property and were forced to do whatever their parents needed them to do. In a common household the father would make all of the disciplinary decisions. In ancient Rome the father had the authority to sell, kill, sacrifice or do whatever he saw fit with his children. If a child was born deformed, weak or sick it was very common for the father to declare that the child was unfit to live. Historically parents used their children for profit by placing them in apprenticeships, workhouses, orphanages, placement mills, factories, farms and mines. These children were forced to work sixteen-hour days and were often whipped to make them work harder. In the 1960ââ¬â¢s physical abuse and child neglect were officially recognized because of the development of radiology. But it wasnââ¬â¢t until the 1980ââ¬â¢s and 1990ââ¬â¢s that sexual and emotional/mental abuse was declared another form of child abuse. So here we are in 2011, but child abuse isnââ¬â¢t left in the past it goes on today in disturbing numbers. Our society has developed many definitions to the problem but no answers. Hopefully someday society will find an answer to this ongoing struggle of child abuse throughout the world. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-88061770467937289432020-01-04T17:36:00.001-08:002020-01-04T17:36:02.276-08:00Pronouncing Spanish Vowels English speakers generally find the pronunciation of Spanish vowels fairly easy. Close approximations of all their sounds exist in English, and, with the exception of the E and the sometimes silent U, each of the vowels has basically one sound. The main thing to keep in mind is that in Spanish the vowels sounds are generally more distinct than they are in English. In English, any vowel can be represented by whats known as the schwa, an unstressed vowel sound such as the a in about, the ai in mountain, and the u in pablum. But in Spanish, such an indistinct sound isnt used. Although, as in most languages, the sounds of the vowels can vary slightly with the letters before and after them, in general the sound remains the same regardless of the word its in. Pronouncing the 5 Vowels First, the more or less invariable sounds: A is pronounced similarly to the a in father or the o in loft. Examples: madre, ambos, mapa. There are some speakers who sometimes pronounce the a something halfway between the a in father and the a in mat, but in most areas the first sound given is standard. See also the lesson on pronouncing the . I is pronounced similarly to the ee in feet and the e in me, although usually a little briefer. Examples: finca, timbre, mi. This letter is covered in more detail in the lesson on pronouncing the i. O is pronounced like the oa in boat or the o in bone, although usually a little briefer. Example: telà ©fono, amo, foco. See the lesson on pronouncing the o for more information. Now, the two vowels whose sound can change: E is generally pronounced like the e in met when it is at the beginning or within a word. It is pronounced similarly to the Canadian eh, kind of a shortened version of the à © in the English cafà ©, when it is at the end of the word. Sometimes it can be somewhere between those two sounds. Its not quite the sound of the English letter A, which if pronounced slowly often has an ee sound at the end, but closer to the e of met. Keep in mind that even when its at the end of the word, in a sentence it may sound more like the e of met. For example, in a phrase such as de vez en cuando, each e has approximately the same sound. Examples: cafà ©, compadre, embarcar, enero. See also the lesson on pronouncing the e. U is generally pronounced like the oo in boot or the u in tune. Do not pronounced it like the u in uniform. Examples: universo, reunià ³n, unidos. In the combinations gui and gue, as well as after q, the u is silent. Examples: guà a, guerra, quizà ¡s. If the u should be prono unced between a g and i or e, an umlaut (also called a dieresis) is placed over it. Examples: vergà ¼enza, lingà ¼ista. This letter is covered in more detail in the lesson on pronouncing the u. Diphthongs and Triphthongs As in English, two or three vowels in Spanish can blend together to form a sound. The sound is basically the sound of the two or three vowels rapidly pronounced. For example, the u when followed by an a, e, i or o ends up sounding something like the w in water. Examples: cuaderno, cuerpo, cuota. The ai combination sounds something like the sound of eye. Examples: hay, airear. The i when followed by an a, e or u sounds kind of like the y in yellow.: hierba, bien, siete. And other combinations are possible as well: miau, Uruguay, caudillo. Pronouncing Y Generally, the y is pronounced the same as it would be if it were an i, as part of a diphthong. Examples: rey, soy, yacer. Some words that are derived from English and have a y at the end often retain the English pronunciation. For example, in popular songs you may hear words such as sexy and phrases such as oh baby. This letter is covered in more detail in the lesson on pronouncing the y. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-9879695335320840422019-12-27T14:01:00.001-08:002019-12-27T14:01:03.989-08:00Psy 202 Journey from My Past to My Future Essay - 1831 Words Journey from My Past to My Future Courtney L. Zellars PSY 202 Mr. Sperling December 19, 2011 Journey from My Past to My Future Growing and developing into the person I am now has been quite a journey. I have had so many ups and downs throughout my development, from childhood to adulthood, that it feels as though I am in a whirlwind. However, I have managed to stay strong and succeed in everything I have set my mind to so far. As I talk about my journey in this paper, I will relate a few of my experiences that have helped me to develop into the young adult that I am today. Once I have talked about my past and present development, I will briefly touch on the goals I want to accomplish in the future. I grew up in a familyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦1.3, Peers and Groups, para. 2). Show choir was exactly that for me. I gained wonderful friendships, support, and social interaction. Those friendships are still going strong now. Various members in this particular group encouraged me to get a job in photography last year after I played photographer at a party. Eventually, I began working in a portrait studio. I worked there for almost a year and then I decided to just do freelance photography. Working as a studio associate gave me an opportunity to learn techniques of photography. I absolutely enjoyed every moment of it and thats how I discovered photography would be one more hobby that I could add to my list. Photography lets me capture different smiles and emotions, different colors and scenes, and memories. Without photography, I wouldnt be able to look back at the smiles of loved ones who have passed on, or capture the various faces of important people in my life who I want to always remember. A few of the important people in my life include my parents, grandparents, and my favorite aunt. My parents and grandparents are important in my life because they are the main ones who taught me the values and standards that I live by today. They helped me to realize what genuine respect for others is. My parents and grandparents have also set a great example for me when it comes to love and marriage. The other person I consider important in my life would have to be my favorite aunt, LaVern Z.Show MoreRelatedI Love My Life1967 Words à |à 8 PagesPoole- I Love My Life Dora Poole PSY 202 CGA1149A Althea Artis Dora Poole- I Love My Life I have been through a lot in my forty eight years of life. Some of the experiences have been extremely positive and others leave much to be desired. The study of Adult development theories will allow me to analyze the past and help me to describe the journey my life has taken. The combined experiences have brought me to ââ¬Å"Love my Lifeâ⬠today,Read More{My} Reflection Paper Essay2989 Words à |à 12 PagesMy Past, Present, and Future Rachelle Barlow PSY 202 Judi Muhammad March 14, 2011 About nine years ago now ââ¬â when I turned eighteen and received my G.E.D. ââ¬â I was under the impression that a higher education was definitely not an option for me, and honestly, it wasnââ¬â¢t. Due to my knowledge of this, along with the fact that I was hired right away at what was my ââ¬Å"dream jobâ⬠at the time, I came to the conclusion that I wouldnââ¬â¢t ever need or want a higher education; I accepted the fact that myRead MoreWalking in My Shoes3005 Words à |à 13 PagesA Walk in My Shoes Shantrese Molette PSY 202 Adult Development and Life Assessment Prof. Linda Beckham February 27, 2012 Outline I. Where are you from? a. Maplesville, AL b. Selma, AL II. What was your family like? a. Parents abusive relationship b. Brother and I c. Large extended family III. What are your greatest achievements? a. Military Service b. Parenthood c. Continuing Education IV. What areRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words à |à 316 PagesNOTE ON THE TRANSLATION larly dolly in and dolly out are used rather than forward and rear. Mise en scà ¨ne is also retained in its filmic use, while staging is used to describe a stage production. The term constantif, which Metz borrowed from Austin, should be rendered by constantive and not by ascertaining (p. 25). Finally, actor to translate Greimas s concept of actant is misleading and actant is usually kept (see Ducrà ´t and Todorov, Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Sciences of Language Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-7836383959179610882019-12-19T09:50:00.001-08:002019-12-19T09:50:03.732-08:00William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 967 Words Introduction ââ¬Å"My bounty is as boundless as the sea, my love as deep; the more I give to thee, the more I have, for both are infiniteâ⬠. Good morning Class, today I will be exploring the human relationship of love in modern interpretations of ââ¬ËRomeo and Julietââ¬â¢ written by William Shakespeare. Shakespearean time was between the middle Ages and the Industrial Revolution and it was branded by religious changes. William Shakespeare is widely known as the greatest dramatist of all time. Born April 1564, Shakespeareââ¬â¢s play ââ¬ËRomeo and Julietââ¬â¢ is no doubt one of his most famous pieces. ââ¬ËRomeo and Julietââ¬â¢ was first published in 1597 and its tragic story of banned love still captures the creativity of its audience today. ââ¬ËRomeo and Julietââ¬â¢, although not confined to, is an illustration of three aspects of human relationships; family, love and conflict. These features are still relevant in our modern lives because they are so relatable and the majority of individuals experience them. While Shakespeare dealt with these characteristics of human relationships modern transformations of Romeo and Juliet have recontextualized the play into the Twenty First Century. In 1995 the Australian director Baz Luhrmann transformed love in ââ¬ËRomeo and Julietââ¬â¢ to a modern version while keeping the dialogue the same. Shakespeareââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËRomeo and Julietââ¬â¢ has inspired many interpretations of the play as it contains the human relationships of love, conflict and family that can be understood by different audience.Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words à |à 6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words à |à 4 Pages Beauty Over Gold ââ¬Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesnââ¬â¢t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didnââ¬â¢t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words à |à 5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words à |à 5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words à |à 4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words à |à 8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words à |à 6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare occupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words à |à 4 PagesWilliam Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows t he so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words à |à 7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words à |à 6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Nightââ¬â¢s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-14993946980238495302019-12-11T06:33:00.001-08:002019-12-11T06:33:02.549-08:00Log Shipping Essay Research Paper The concept free essay sample Log Shipping Essay, Research Paper The construct of standby waiters is non a new one. It has been around a long clip and been used by many DBAs. Traditionally, utilizing a standby waiter for failover has involved manually doing database and log backups on the production waiter and so reconstructing them to the standby waiter on a regular footing. This manner, should the production waiter fail, so users could entree the standby waiter alternatively, and downtime and informations loss would be minimized. What is Log Transporting Basically, log transportation is the procedure of automatizing the backup of database and dealing log files on a production SQL waiter, and so reconstructing them onto a standby waiter. This in consequence keeps the two SQL Servers in # 8220 ; synch # 8221 ; . Problems with Log Transporting log transportation is a via media. It is non the ideal solution, but it is frequently a practical solution given real-world budget restraints. Some of the jobs with log transporting include: + Log transportation failover is non automatic. The DBA must still manually failover the waiter, which means the DBA must be present when the failover occurs. + The users will see some downtime. How long depends on how good you implemented log transportation, the nature of the production waiter failure, your web, the standby waiter, and the application or applications to be failed over. + Some informations can be lost, although non ever. How much information is lost depends on how frequently you schedule log transportation and whether or non the dealing log on the failed production waiter is recoverable. + The database or databases that are being failed over to the standby waiter can non be used for anything else. But databases on the standby waiter non being used for failover can still be used usually. + When it comes clip for the existent failover, you must make one of two things to do your applications work: either rename the standby server the same name as the failed production waiter ( and the IP reference ) , or re-point your user # 8217 ; s applications to the new standby waiter. In some instances, neither of these options is practical. Log Transporting with SQL Server 7.0 In the yesteryear, SQL Server developers and DBAs have had to make customized books to implement log transportation. But with SQL Server 7.0, Microsoft provided undocumented maulerss into the drawn-out stored process xp_sqlmaint to assist automatize log transportation. The Microsoft BackOffice 4.5 Resource Kit ( BORK ) Log Transporting public-service corporation consists of books and instructions that use these maulerss into xp_sqlmaint for making a largely automated log-shipping solution. You can acquire BORK from Microsoft Press for $ 250 retail ( about $ 130 street monetary value ) . Microsoft developed the BORK Log Shipping public-service corporation, as it did all its resource kit public-service corporations, for internal usage at Microsoft ; Microsoft Product Support doesn # 8217 ; t back up the public-service corporation. And you # 8217 ; ll happen the BORK Log Shipping public-service corporation rough around the borders. Although it automates much of the log-shipping procedure, the public-service corporation requires a just sum of manual apparatus and disposal. However, SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition to the full supports lo g transportation and provides a more polished interface than the BORK public-service corporation. In a log-shipping execution, neglecting over to the standby waiter is a manual procedure. If you require automated failover, a better solution is Microsoft Cluster Services ( MSCS ) , which automatically fails over one bunch node to another bunch node. However, the constellating solution costs more than log transportation, requires extra specialised hardware, and forces a closer yoke, or dependence, of primary and secondary waiters. To put up log transportation, all you need is the BORK public-service corporation, adequate disc infinite on your production and standby waiters to hive away the database and dealing log backup files, and a web connexion between the waiters. Log Transporting with SQL Server 2000 SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition to the full supports log transporting apparatus and monitoring. The Enterprise Edition # 8217 ; s Database Maintenance Plan Wizard includes a cheque box on the Transaction Log Backup duologue box that lets you stipulate transporting the log to another waiter. To utilize this option, you must first set up file portions on the beginning and finish waiters for the dealing log booklets. The ace will so execute the full database backup and restore, create the dealing log backup occupation, and make the occupations on the finish waiter that transcript and burden the backups. As with the Microsoft BackOffice 4.5 Resource Kit ( BORK ) Log Shipping public-service corporation for SQL Server 7.0, these log-shipping occupations call the xp_sqlmaint extended stored process to execute their undertakings. The ace besides creates watchful occupations for the transcript and burden operations ; these occupations call the same monitoring stored processs as the BORK public-service corporation calls. However, the stored processs and tabular arraies underlying SQL Server 2000 # 8217 ; s log-shipping functionality differ from and hold more consistent names than the stored processs and tabular arraies that provide the BORK functionality. SQL Server 2000 has seven tabular arraies to BORK # 8217 ; s three and has four stored processs for monitoring. Overall, the SQL Server 2000 system is more polished than the BORK version. With SQL Server 2000, you can supervise log transportation through the Enterprise Manager alternatively of through the stored processs. When you set up log transportation, the Database Maintenance Plan Wizard places a Log Shipping Monitor in the Management node of the waiter you specify. This proctor consists of a Tab duologue box that lets you observe log transportation # 8217 ; s position and alteration scenes for the beginning and finish waiters. You can besides see transcript and burden histories by right-clicking the Log Shipping Monitor in the inside informations window glass. Like SQL Server 7.0, SQL Server 2000 doesn # 8217 ; t offer machine-controlled support for failover or for altering the waiters # 8217 ; functions so that log transportation goes the other way. Alternatively, SQL Server 2000 supplies four stored processs to help in the failover procedure and relies on a new constitutional Data Transformation Services ( DTS ) characteristic to reassign logins from the beginning to the finish waiter. You can utilize the stored processs to decide the logins on the former standby waiter, to alter the waiters # 8217 ; functions, and even to alter which server the Log Shipping Monitor resides on. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-55211426917863800432019-12-03T18:14:00.001-08:002019-12-03T18:14:03.181-08:00Kiss Kiss Essays - Pig, Fiction, Mrs. Bixby And The Colonels Coat Kiss Kiss Text Response 1) Which of the story did you find most enjoyable? Why? I like William and Mary because it was about the brain and it was very interesting how Henry kept the brain and the eye alive, and the detail of the operation in the letter to Mary after William had past away. 2) Which story did you find most disturbing? Why? Pig was the most disturbing story I found because at the end of the story Lexington got hook delibetly on the foot by a worker and got miniced my the pig mincer. 3) Summarize two storise. The way up to heaven: In this story called ?The way up to heaven.? Mrs Foster had a fear of missing the train, plan and the boat. One day Mrs Foster was anxious to go to Pairs to see her Daughter. Mrs Foster was ready to go to the airport but Mr Foster wasn't. After 5 minutes later he came down from the study. When they got to the airport the plan was cancels too enliven o'clock the next day. That next day it happen again Mr Foster was later again. Once they got in the car Mr Foster was looking for a gift. He went back in the house. But Mrs Foster found it in the back of the car, so she was going inside but she heard a noise. But Mrs Foster left him and went to the airport. Six weeks later She came back home, but they were a whole heap of letters in the letterbox. Mrs Foster wants inside and could small a funny smell. She wanted up go up the elevater but it was stuck half way. Pig In this story Pig a boy called Lexington was born and shortly after his broth his parents was shout by the police while breaking into their own house because there were lock out. So after they death Lexington went to his Aunty to live. His Aunty was a vegetarian and so Lexington grew up to be one as well. The time had come for Lexington to go to school but his Aunt didn't like him going to school because she would miss him, so his Aunt was going to teach him every thing that he would of lean in school. Lexington was good at same things, but he was realy was good at cooking Vegetarian meals. Every day for the next seven-year Lexington would cook a new meal and he would write the recipe in a cookbook that he would publish when he was older. But one day his Aunt was very sick and she died. Lexington had to go to the Lawes office to get some money. After that he went and had lunch in a restaurant. He wants to have some meat because he never had some before. So he got some pork. He likes it and wanted to know were pork came form so he ask the chief. He went to the place were the pork came from, he had went on a tour and that showed were the pig were killed. The tour guide stops and showed were the pig got hook and lifted up in to the mincer. All of a sudden Lexington was hook a lifted up into the mincer. 4) Select one of the stories and change the ending completely. The Landlady This is my ending: ?You did sign the book, didn't you?' ?Oh, not yet.' ?That's ok, because later on, if the ploice come look for you they would just have to look the gest book and they would know that you was not here.' ?And why would the ploice come looking for me hear when I will be leaving tomrrow.' ?That what you think Billy,' she said. 'And laugh' 5) Choose one of the film versions of one of the ?Kiss Kiss' stories and spot the diffrerences between the book and the movies stories? 6) What is your overall response to the Collection? Which stories would you recommend to other readers and why? I think that the hole of the book was very good. But some of the storeys dragged on a little bit. I would recommend William and Mary because the detail of the operation. 7) Look up the word ?ironic' in the dictionary. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-13269548686881735232019-11-27T17:47:00.001-08:002019-11-27T17:47:05.559-08:00Rush Limbaugh - Hillsdale Colleges Churchill Dinner Address free essay sample Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-75757774655675541612019-11-24T01:22:00.001-08:002019-11-24T01:22:03.610-08:00IR based street light Essay ExampleIR based street light Essay Example IR based street light Essay IR based street light Essay Nowadays, it became essential for people work during nights and returning back to homes late nights, so safety parameter to be implemented to a great extent on highways. This can of this lighting system must be taken into account. The existing system is like, the high way lights will be monitored manually which in turns is a waste of huge human ewer as well as precious time in addition with power wastage at the instant when proper monitoring is failed. This drawback can be overcome by implementing a sophisticated automatic monitoring system through which high way lighting can be monitored automatically before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the roads. But the actual timings for these high way lights to be switched on are when there is absolute darkness. This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage protection. Also the manual operation of the lighting system is completely eliminated. There is provided an infrared sensor unit for deactivating an electrical appliance when left unattended by its user. The sensor unit includes a passive infrared sensor distance of the electrical appliance An Infra-Red (R) sensor is an electronic device commonly used in security lighting, and burglar alarm systems. When a person in the field of vision of the sensor, the sensor detects the presence and activates highway lighting system, If it is day time he light gets OFF this operation can be performed by light sensor (LDR). E best achieved by implementing proper lighting system on highways. The efficient monitoring This project uses regulated IV, mama power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the AC out put of secondary of 230/IV step down transformer. Bridge Rectifier Filter Circuit Power supply to all sections Regulator Step down TIFF Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-25964878937076910992019-11-21T06:16:00.001-08:002019-11-21T06:16:10.515-08:00The Management of Disasters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsThe Management of Disasters - Essay Example Disaster management remains an important aspect of State and National management due to the fact that the occurrence and magnitude of most disasters are unpredictable (Kaser, 2007). Due to the severity in the need of ensuring that the occurrence of disasters does not outwit efforts that can be made by government through state institutions in responding effectively to the disasters, there has often been the call for collaboration with other agencies in disaster management in control. One of such agencies is the non-governmental organizations (NGOs). It is agreed that partnership between government agencies and non-governmental organizations can be very important for disaster recovery and response efforts. Generally, disaster response has been said to be the venture that cannot be accurately budgeted for (McKee, Figueras and Chenet, 1998). This is because of the unpredictable nature of disasters. Consequently, the allocation of resources on the part of government is often inadequate an d thus requires additional input from these NGOs. What is next, the management of disasters has been said to be better approached if they will be carried out in a manner that is holistic and community-based (Healy and McKee,1997). Meanwhile, most of these NGOs are community-based and thus have a better understanding of the needs and demands of the indigenes. Their contribution to planning, recovery and response efforts, therefore, become more people-centered (Kaser, 2007). Finally, it has been said that the decentralization of disaster response enhances effectiveness and efficiency. This is because it guarantees that recovery and response efforts will be carried out in a more proactive manner due to the fact that there will be detailed urgency among the local people (Kaser, 2007). What is more, the fact that the process is decentralized means that much can be achieved within a shorter timeframe? Meanwhile collaborating with NGOs is one way of bringing about decentralization of the d isaster response agenda. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-57508910131676570432019-11-20T06:17:00.001-08:002019-11-20T06:17:03.718-08:00Critical thinking case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsCritical thinking case study - Essay Example 1. Assumes that the new product would help in restoring the old glorious status of AcuScan in the market. 2. Pat assumes that in order to thwart competition, the product must be announced and deployed within eight months 3. Assumes Secur-A Corporation is looking into this new retail opportunity and will come up with "some kind" of retail application in few months time. 4. Assumes that if others disagree with her that means they are not committed to the project and are trying to hamper the progress of the new product. 5. Assumes that producing a new product by August will not be difficult since AcuScan already has iScanner that can help in building the new product faster. 6. Predicts little investment on the part of staff's time and energy, which was one of the concerns, cited by Kelly. 7. Pat is looking for bringing out a new product in the market even if its not high quality for she feels that it's better to be first in the market than being high on quality. 8. Assumed customers would love the new product and actually felt they would be thrilled no matter what the product was. 9. Assumed I was "nit-picking" when tried to gather information. 10. Assumed project could be lent to outside contractors so that it would be finished on time. 11. Sees herself as a leader and a visionary and thus she must communicate her "dream" to everyone else. Chris Martinas - Vice President of Product Development 1. Agrees with Pat on some of her assumptions. a. Secure-A Corporation may come out with a product soon. b. Like Pat, Chris also sees minimal investment of existing staff's time since new product is a modified version of the existing old product. c. Must enter the market fast since speed is the main concern and not quality. d. This new product will help the company attain... 1. Kelly Thomas is of the view that Pat Lambert should not be assigned leadership since she doubts Pat's ability to lead. Kelly assumes that Pat doesn't possess the qualities required to lead "Operation Optimize" since Pat has irrelevant previous experience in a cereal industry. 2. Since Pat was unable to comprehend the term "QC," Kelly assumes Pat has no knowledge of quality control and the difficulties associated with the same. Thus she feels it would be impossible to produce a new product under her guidance. Cliff O'Connor: Cliff believes that a new product would "recapture our position as a market leader with our technology." Cliff further argues that AcuScan needs Pat's creativity. He views "Operation Optimize" as not something too different from the old product iScanner. Pat Lambert: Argues that iScanner should be modified and should be launched in a non-vertical market and sees this as the only viable solution for long-term growth. Pat argues that Kelly initially said it was easier to build on the existing product and create a new product from an old one. Finally, Pat also needs additional funding to hire an outside contractor for the completion of this product on time. After analyzing the situation Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-4496390335130696332019-11-17T18:54:00.001-08:002019-11-17T18:54:02.702-08:00Digital Video Broadcasting Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsDigital Video Broadcasting - Term Paper Example Evolution of Television:- European and North American inventors pioneered the TV. Television is a hybrid word coming from the Greek letter ââ¬Ë Teleââ¬â¢ meaning far, and Latin word ââ¬Ëvisioââ¬â¢ meaning sight. 1) Monochrome TVs: - These early generation televisions were mostly based on electrochemical systems. The screen had a small motor with a spinning disc and a neon lamp which gave a reddish orange picture comparable in size to a business card (Udelson). The system continued to evolve with the inception of a line system to improve the results of the TV. In 1937 the 405 line monochrome system, known then as the ââ¬ËHDââ¬â¢, was selected as the UK standard of television. By 1950, most European countries had the 625 scanning lines, 25 frame per second, TV system as standard. Meanwhile, plenty of experimentation was taking place in the USA, however, the Federal communications commission was not satisfied with the quality of the systems and work on development of t he system continued. In 1942, the FCC endorsed the efforts of the National television systems committee and established a standard of 525 scanning lines with 60 frames per second. (Pritchard and Gibson) 2) The advent of Color TV: - During the 1940s, various color television systems were proposed and demonstrated in the United States. The first color television was developed in the early 1950s by the national television systems committee and submitted to the federal communication commission in 1953. Color TV was not successful in the United States until a decade of its introduction. Few color TVs were sold because they were expensive and there were not many programs televised in color. Time magazine even called color TV as ââ¬Ëthe most resounding industrial flop of 1956ââ¬â¢. Slowly but surely, however, color TV started to thrive when color programs started to show up in abundance. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7344185274376381058.post-74078947581211792402019-11-15T07:25:00.001-08:002019-11-15T07:25:19.991-08:00The Biopharmaceuticals An Overview Biology EssayThe Biopharmaceuticals An Overview Biology Essay Biopharmaceuticals are defined as proteins and nucleic acids which are used for therapeutic purpose. These are high molecular weight substances prepared by biotechnological means and genetically engineered. Due to their complex structure and intricate molecular composition it is very difficult to characterize and formulate such products. Most of these products are derived from biological species and genetically engineered to produce a potent compound [1-3]. Humulin (biosynthetic recombinant human Insulin) was the first biopharmaceutical product developed by Genentech but licensed and marketed by Eli Lily and Company in 1982. In the modern era biopharmaceutical products have become a major facilitating reason of technological changes in health care sector, causing extraordinary benefits for patients, cost challenges for consumers, and profits for market shareholders.[4] Over the last decade biopharmaceutical market is the fastest growing segment in the pharmaceutical organizations. After post-recession period vigorous advancement has been seen in this area. It has been reported that approximately 40% of total pharmaceutical RD investment is occupied by biopharmaceutical products amongst which, monoclonal antibodies and product produced by recombinant DNA method are the most prevalent one.[5,6] Proteins with different amino acid sequences are the primary structure of such products. For determining the biological activity of a protein it is necessary to study its three-dimensional structure. The structure of protein is generally divided into four categories i.e. primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary (fig. 1). The primary structure is the sequence of amino acid residues which folds and stabilized by the formation of hydrogen bonds with subsequent molecules in the polypeptide chain to produce anà ÃŽà ± helix,à which is a spiral, rod-like st ructure, or aà ÃŽà ² sheet,à a planar structure. This structure resembles to the secondary structure of proteins. The tertiary structure is a three-dimensional arrangement which gives an overall conformation of a polypeptide chain. Through hydrophobic interactions between the non-polar side chains and disulfide bonds, this tertiary structure is stabilized. A quaternary or multimeric protein contains two or more polypeptide chains, held together by non-covalent bonds.[7] fig 1. Structure of protein. Because of their unique physicochemical characteristic it is very hard and challenging to formulate biopharmaceuticals as products with therapeutic effects and storage characteristics. Meanwhile their formulation is in many ways different from conventional low-molecular drug formulation. Despite of such facts biopharmaceuticals gains lots of attention in the modern era of drug formulation. In the recent reviews it has been discussed that around 400 biotechnology-based medicinal and therapeutic agents are either registered or in the clinical trials are reviewed by the regulatory bodies. These agents are helpful in treating many life threatening diseases some of them are cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and AIDS/HIV. Some of the agents which are already in the market are monoclonal antibodies, recombinant hormones, cytokines, vaccines, recombinant blood factor, and therapeutic enzymes.[5] Discussion Biopharmaceutical market In 1970, discovery of recombinant DNA technology and monoclonal antibodies lead to initiate the development of biopharmaceutical industries. A substantial growth from $8 billion in 1992 to $149 billion in 2010 quenched the thirst of investors towards the biopharmaceutical industry. It is expected to reach $239 billion by 2015 with a growth rate of 9.9% annually. There are more than 400 Biotech drugs and vaccines are scrutinized under clinical stage, targeting more than 200 diseases. Meanwhile a large number of the population is now taking benefits from a number of biotechnological innovations like recombinant protein-based products e.g. monoclonal antibodies and some large molecule prescription drugs, which include hormones and vaccines. Table 1 illustrates some of the leading biopharmaceutical therapy classes by size worldwide in 2002. In 2008 approximately 39%, among the top 10 drugs sold globally, are biopharmaceuticals and is expected to rise to 79% of the top 10 drug sales by 20 14.[8] Table.1: Leading biopharmaceutical therapy classes by size worldwide 2002. Source: IMS MIDAS December 2002. However after the post recession period, fundings over health care and other sector is reduced which impede the growth rate of pharmaceutical industries up to significant extent. Although biopharmaceutical global sales thrive to attain high numbers in the global health sector. Biotechnological based products have generated $229 billion revenue in 2012 with an annual growth rate of 10.4%. Meanwhile the major focus of pharmaceutical organizations is on biopharmaceutical vs. Small molecule drugs which enables to allocate high funding towards this area. This may be due to very less generic biosimilar products available in the market. In year 2009 there are total 18 biopharmaceutical products are approved by US FDA which is higher than the previous years i.e. 11 in 2008 and 10 in 2007. In a report of Battelle Technology Partnership Practice, it was estimated that the overall impact of biopharmaceutical sector on the US economy is $917 billion. These companies are making alliances with oth er essential services such as computing and information, clinical trial and regulatory support services, technologies, manufacturing and equipment, and transportation and logistics providers.[9-11] Types of Biopharmaceuticals Cytokines Cytokines are a diverse group of non-antibody intercellular signalling regulatory proteins i.e. glycoprotein and low molecular weight peptides produced in very little amount inside the body. They function as a mediator for communication between various cells and induce certain response by binding to specific cell surface receptors which results in triggering various intracellular signal transduction mechanism. There are over 80 sub class of cytokines have been found. Some of these are categorized in table 2. They play an important role in coordinating embryonic development, cell growth and maturation, wound repair and healing, the immune response including acute phase reactions and septic shock, and new blood vessel formation. Cancer is among the major class of disease which is thoroughly scrutinized by the researchers with an emphasis on cytokines. However cytokines also play a vital role in mediating signalling response to systemic inflammation which tends to regulate specific neur onal network to induce sickness. Some animal studies reveal the role of cytokines in situations characterized by abnormal sleep, with emphasis on the pathogenesis of symptoms and consequences of OSAS (Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome). Cytokines interact with specific cells via (1) intracrine, in which both cytokine and receptor remain within the cell (rare); (2) autocrine, where a cytokine acts on the receptors of the same cell it is produced; and (3) paracrine, where the cytokine from one cell type interacts with receptors on other cell types.[12-16] Table 2: categorization of cytokines. There are various cytokines products available in the market and some of them are reviewed under the clinical phase for example Interleukin-2 (IL-2) aldesleukin (Proleukin), for treating renal cell carcinoma is approved by FDA. IL-1 blocker, anakinra (Kineret) and rilonacept (Arcalyst) are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes respectively.[1] Enzymes Enzymes are complex molecules produced by living cells. They increase the rate of chemical reaction without even showing their own effect in the process and hence act as a catalyst in living organisms.[17] Because of their reaction specificity, catalytic efficiency and ability to operate under mild condition of temperature and hydrogen ion concentration they are preferred as a novel class of therapeutic agents. Despite of their therapeutic role enzyme endures significant importance as a replacement therapy in many genetic disorders. However there are some disadvantages as well associated with their use such as, their parental administration required extensive purification to remove contaminants. They are also very costly to prepare and due to their large molecular structure they have limited distribution in the body. As they are proteins hence when administered inside the body act as antigen to the host cell.[18,19] Enzymes are categorized under six major classes i.e transferases, lysases, hydrolases, isomerases, ligases, and oxidoreductases. The potential utility of enzyme as pharmaceutical was noted many decades ago. However most of the enzyme therapies are used to treat functional defects. Activaseà ® (alteplase; recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator), is the first recombinant enzyme drug which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1987. Pulmozymeà ® (Dornase alpha), a recombinant DNAse I that digests DNA in the mucous secretions in lungs, used to treat cystic fibrosis. Adagenà ® (pegadamase bovine), is the first marketed product as enzyme therapy for the treatment of SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency disease).[20] Hormones Hormone is characterized as an important group of regulatory molecule which is synthesized in an organ or in tissue and then secreted into circulatory system where it affects respective organs whose cell bears an appropriate receptors. They are chemical messengers either small or a large macromolecule and are fairly defined as endocrine hormones. Approximately all endocrine hormones possess therapeutic importance and hence subsequently used by the researchers e.g. insulin(Insugenà ®, Humulinà ®, Novolinà ®), human growth hormone (Ascellacrinà ®, Crescormonà ®), glucagon, and the gonadotrophins.[1] Antibodies: Antibodies or immunoglobulin are proteins produced, as an immune response, through white blood cells when a foreign particle or antigen intrudes inside the body. There are five classes of immunoglobulin IgE, IgM, IgG, IgD, and IgA. Amongst them IgG is the most common as a biopharmaceutical agents. A more specified term i.e. monoclonal antibodies (mAbà orà moAb) are the novel class compounds that are first developed in mid 1970s by kohler and Milstein, who successfully fused immortal cells with antibody- producing B lymphocytes. This fusion results in a hybrid which is stable, cancerous, antibody- producing cells. These are referred as hybridoma cells which unveil great source of monoclonal antibody. mAb identify antigens on a particular foreign body very specifically. mAbs are categorized under four groups according to their source: murine (derived solely from mice), chimeric (mixture of murine and human sequences), humanised (contain over 90% human sequences) and fully human.[8, 17] In 1986, Murobmonab (OKT3), a murine antibody, is the first monoclonal antibody tested as a therapeutic in humans. However it fails to produce a substantial response in the transplantation rejection patients because of production of anti-murine antibody.[20] Monoclonal antibodies are the fastest growing therapeutic class in the field of biopharmaceutical market. The market of monoclonal antibodies crosses the mark of $30 billion in 2011. Infliximab (Remicade) is the top selling monoclonal antibody in 2002 which was developed by Centocor and is marketed by Centocor and Schering-Plough for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohns disease. Rituximab (Rituxan), developed by Genentech and IDEC and marketed by Genentech, IDEC and Roche, for the treatment of non-Hodgkins lymphoma, is the second largest selling monoclonal antibody.[21] Vaccines: Vaccines are antigenic proteins which are either partial or modified form of bacteria, viruses and toxins which causes certain diseases against which vaccine protects. The antigenic property of vaccines is altered from its original form by certain processes such as utilizing attenuated viruses, inactivated viruses, part of a virus or bacteria and toxin produced by bacteria; hence they lack ability to cause disease although, endures ability to produce an immune response.[22] Vaccines are the only known prophylactic approach which are commonly available to cure many infective diseases. Vaccines cover the global market share of $ 3 billion annually. Government health agencies run different immunization programs which alleviate the risk of many infective disorders. However, there are approximately 15 million people die every year from certain infectious diseases that can be cured by vaccination process. Pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries seek great potential in this area but the use is limited because of their high production cost, delivery and distribution problems. Vaccines may contain animal derived products such as Bovine serum albumin or fetal calf serum or human derived product for example using cell lines of human tissues. However in recent years transgenic and recombinant plants are also utilized for the production of vaccines.[12,23,24] There are different vaccines available in the market for many infectious diseases such as poliomyelitis, cholera, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, hepatitis A, measles, meningitis etc. For hepatitis B virus some examples are Baraclude (Entecavirà ®), Adefovir dipivoxil (Hepseraà ®), Lamivudine (Epivirà ®-HBV, 3TC), Alfa Interferon (Intronà ® A, Infergenà ®, Roferonà ®).[1,25] Antisense drugs: Antisense compounds are non-coding strand of messenger RNA(mRNA), which hybridize with mRNA and inactivates the ability of genes to produce the protein for which it holds the recipe.[26] They do not alter human gene causing variation in human genetic information. It was first developed in 1978 using a string of DNA nucleotide which binds with messenger RNA and block its function. These drugs are designed to treat a wide range of diseases such inflammatory, infectious, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Fomiversen was the first antisense drug approved in 1998 for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinits in AIDS patients. These are categorized under three sub-classes i.e. antisense oligonucleotides(ASONs), ribozymes and RNA interference(RNAi). Affinitak, manufactured by ISIS pharmaceuticals and Eli Lilly, is used for the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC). There are certain antisense compound are under review by health agencies for their therapeutic efficacy towards ma ny anomalies[27,28] Peptide therapeutics: Peptides are polymers having one or two amino acids linked with amides and are chemically synthesized by using liquid phase or solid phase synthesis. Their chemical synthesis is preferred over biosynthetic approach because it facilitates the conjugation or incorporation of small molecules and non-natural amino acids. This approach reveals the potential of such molecules as cytotoxic agents for antitumor therapy. Peptides with non-natural opens up the possibility for greater chemical diversity, analogous to small-molecule medicinal chemistry approaches for developing high-afà ¬Ã nity, highspecià ¬Ã city molecular recognition. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) and peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs)are developed from the effectors of innate immune response in eukaryotes during their defense mechanism. However there are not many products of peptides found in the market but researchers are trying to develop some therapeutic peptides and proteins with significant effect towards certain diseases. Nesiritide (Natrecor, Noratak) is produced by Johnson Johnson2001, Teriparatide (Forteo) is developed and marketed by Lily in 2002 Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) is manufactured by Trimeris 2003.[29-31] Challenges associated with biopharmaceutical products: Biopharmaceutical products such as monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, certain hormones, and cell therapies are rewarded as some of the most promising innovation in the field of medicine and health. However there are certain risk and challenges associated with such products which hamper their performance. One of the major challenges is the purification of proteins although it can be achieved by various processes but still purification of such compound is very critical hence requires a lot of attention during manufacturing. Next generation pharmaceutical.[32] However the whole process is carried out under two phases i.e. upstream and downstream regulation. Immunogenicity associated with some of these proteins is also a major concern for biopharmaceutical agents. A repeated injection of human protein may affect the immune tolerance towards self- antigen, leading to humoral response.[33] à Biopharmaceutical products require greater attention, process level as well as monitory level, in the development phase of the drug discovery process it requires approximately $200 million to develop a biopharmaceutical product hence the risk associated with their failure during development stage is increased. Apart from purification and immunogenicity some other issues also make some impact during their development such as government regulations which influence the cost of such products. As discussed earlier it takes a large amount of money to develop such agents hence companies also compensate their development cost and earn profits from their products, ones marketed, which exponentially increases the cost of the drugs. Last and one of the most important risk associated with such products is the introduction of biosimilar products. Biopharmaceutical market is growing very fast, the initial compounds of the first generation are now coming to an end. The expiry of the patents opens the market for generic products which not only influence the established market of some very popular brands, it also forms a milieu of competition to sell the products at cheaper rates which is compensated by their quality.[34] Conclusion Biopharmaceutical products are one amongst the novel class of therapeutic compounds. These are medical agents obtained from biological sources and some special one are manufactured by biotechnological means. They are cellular products, therapeutic proteins, vaccines, gene therapy products and plasma blood product derivatives. Erythropoietins, insulins, and monoclonal antibodies, are some of the leading biopharmaceutical products available in the market hence biopharmaceutical companies are now focusing on their use in long-term conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and asthma. The blockbuster sales of some existing biopharmaceutical products accompanied by the tremendous innovation and a plethora of pipeline products demonstrate the vigorous growth in the biopharmaceutical market in upcoming years. This significant growth is supported by some of the key segments of the field like monoclonal antibody and vaccines. In addition approaches like gene therapy and peptide ther apeutics holds enormous potential for some life threatening anomalies and the combined approach of proteomics, genomics and biotechnology is predicted to empower the most part of the healthcare sector in the upcoming days. Meshalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02114979858308201299noreply@blogger.com0